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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties produce distinct flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter taste profile, and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of the global production. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter flavor than Robusta. They are available in a variety of flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a cup of coffee can differ widely depending on the growing conditions and methods of processing used to produce it.

The word 'coffee' actually originates from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became more energetic after eating the berries, and that the cultivation of coffee quickly began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty unroasted coffee beans roasters and shops are focused on using ethically-sourced arabica beans by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for many different brewing methods. Blending allows control over the taste, aroma, body and acidity of cafe coffee beans. It is often utilized to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cost-effective crop to grow.

While it might seem contradictory, Robusta beans are often mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible there is also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs while maintaining the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor it is recommended to select the highest quality beans from a trusted source. This can be accomplished by purchasing the beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean types. They are characterized by a smell that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are added to other coffee bean types to give them a richer and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and can grow at low altitudes. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. On the internet, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of speciality coffee beans bean is Excelsa which was previously considered to be a separate species but has been re-classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on 20-30 foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both fruity and tart, which has made them a popular option in blends made by home. They are also lighter on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta yet still possess a unique richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. They were considered to be to be a different species of coffee beans london until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. The coffee beans have the shape of a teardrop and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're frequently used in blends to provide extra body and a rich, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a touch of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and medium roast coffee beans properly they can be flavored like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and makes up around 40% of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and more round but they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy overtones.

Now that you know the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you're looking for a silky soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.